![]() ![]() In the absence of landlords and ranch standardization, the Olema Valley ranches display a broader architectural styles and site development, including fragmented orchards containing heritage trees. Olema Valley Ranches Historic District (including the Lagunitas Creek ranches): a smaller but comparable district, also with origins in nineteenth century dairying.The Pierce Point Ranch, now on the National Register, will be joined by the other operating ranches in the near future. Many of the existing ranches are operated by descendents of the early Point Reyes dairies. Point Reyes Ranches Historic District: Over 22,000 acres on the coastal plain, highlighting the origin of ranching in west Marin, and emphasizing the history of the Shafter / Howard dairy enterprise (1857–1939), also known as the “alphabet ranches”, and its contribution to the development of industrial-scale dairy in California.The cultural landscapes in the National Seashore include: Hall of the Portuguese ranching community that once stood on “N” Ranch. Examples at Point Reyes include the inhabitation and resource collection and processing sites for the Coast Miwok in historic and prehistoric time, and the I.D.E.S. In the absence of archived documents of written histories, ethnographic landscapes are dependent on oral histories and material artifacts to piece together an understanding a cultural groups heritage. The ranches along Lagunitas Creek and the Olema Valley fall in this category. Conversely, there are vernacular, or homespun landscapes developed out of need or desire over time, rather than arising from measured designs. They may express a high level of design, as seen in the two former RCA / Marconi Wireless Stations on Point Reyes and Bolinas. Landscapes can range in scale from historic sites to substantial districts. The smallest is located at nineteenth century lime kilns located in the Olema Valley. The dairy and cattle ranches on Point Reyes peninsula represent the single largest cultural landscape. Over time, each is being documented, evaluated and, where necessary, rehabilitated, following guidelines of the National Register of Historic Places. The National Seashore has identified twelve historic cultural landscapes within its boundaries and the north district of Golden Gate National Recreation Area administered by Point Reyes. Those changes, imposed upon a rugged coastal environment, were filtered through the lens of cultural values, traditions, lifeways, economies, and technologies of people who emigrated from small and great distances over a period of several millennia though current time. The Point Reyes peninsula is remarkably covered with numerous layers of human activity that have left sometimes overt, other times subtle changes on the landscape.
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